Health Science research paper

Maven Lebron                                                                                                                                1. 

Health Science 1 

06/06/2022 

                                                     Health Science Research Project, Cancers 

Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue. Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body, which is made up of trillions of cells. (National Cancer Institute, 2021). Normally, human cells grow and multiply through a process called cell division and we use this to form new cells as the body needs them. (National Cancer Institute, 2021). When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place. (National Cancer Institute, 2021). Sometimes this orderly process breaks down, and abnormal or damaged cells grow and multiply when they shouldn’t. (National Cancer Institute, 2021). These cells may form tumors, which are lumps of tissue. (National Cancer Institute, 2021). Tumors can be cancerous or not cancerous. There are many types of cancers, the most common cancers being breast cancer, lung cancer, and leukemia. (National Cancer Institute, 2021). 

 First off, breast cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the breast. (American Cancer Society, 2021). It can start in one or both breasts. (American Cancer Society, 2021). Breast cancer occurs almost entirely in women, but men can also get breast cancer it’s just less common. (American Cancer Society, 2021). How does breast cancer spread? (American Cancer Society, 2021). Breast cancer can spread when the cancer cells get into the blood or lymph system and then are carried to other parts of the body. (American Cancer Society, 2021). What are some risk factors with breast cancer? (American Cancer Society, 2021). Drinking alcohol, being overweight, not being physically active, not having children, not breastfeeding, birth control and even breast implants. (American Cancer Society, 2021). All those risk factors are based around lifestyle and is something you can help change and prevent but some risk factors that you cannot help are getting older, being born female, having a family history of breast cancer, race and ethnicity, being taller, and having dense breast tissue. (American Cancer Society, 2021). You may ask if there is any way to help prevent breast cancer? (American Cancer Society, 2021).  Some prescription medicines such as tamoxifen and raloxifene block the action of estrogen in breast tissue. (American Cancer Society, 2021). Avoiding or limiting alcohol intake can help as well as being physically active and just an overall healthy person can help prevent breast cancer. (American Cancer Society, 2021). 

Secondly, Lung cancer, lung cancer begins in the lungs and may spread to lymph nodes or other organs in the body, such as the brain. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021).  Cancer from other organs also may spread to the lungs. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). The symptoms of lung cancer include coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing up blood, feeling very tired all the time, and even weight loss. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). Some of the risk factors for lung cancer include smoking, secondhand smoke, family history of lung cancer, and even someone’s diet. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). The biggest cause of lung cancer is smoking and is linked to about 80% to 90% of lung cancer deaths. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021).  People who smoke cigarettes are 15 to 30 times more likely to get lung cancer or die from lung cancer than people who do not smoke. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). Even smoking a few cigarettes, a day or smoking occasionally increases the risk of lung cancer. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). The more years a person smokes and the more cigarettes smoked each day; the more risk goes up. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021).  Even just secondhand smoke also causes many issues especially within children, when a person breathes in secondhand smoke, it is like he or she is smoking. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). Some ways to prevent lung cancer consists of not smoking, avoiding secondhand smoke, and even just being careful at work to avoid carcinogens. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). With lung cancer being extremely deadly and one of if not the most common cancer, if you are careful, it is quite easy to decrease the risk of getting it. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). 

Third we have leukemia this cancer is a cancer of the body's blood-forming tissues, including the bone marrow and the lymphatic system. (Mayo Clinic, 2021).  Leukemia usually involves the white blood cells. (Mayo Clinic, 2021). Your white blood cells are the body’s infection fighters they normally grow and divide in a certain and organized way, as your body needs them. (Mayo Clinic, 2021). But in people with leukemia, the bone marrow produces an excessive amount of abnormal white blood cells, which don't function properly. (Mayo Clinic, 2021).  The excess white blood cells cause many symptoms consisting of fever or chills, persistent fatigue/ weakness, frequent and severe infections, losing weight without trying, swollen lymph nodes/ enlarged liver or spleen, easy bleeding or bruising, recurrent nosebleeds, tiny red spots appearing on the skin, excessive sweating especially at night, and bone pain/ tenderness. (Mayo Clinic, 2021).  Some risk factors for leukemia would include previous cancer treatments, genetic disorders, smoking, or a family history of leukemia. (Mayo Clinic, 2021).  When should you make an appointment with a doctor? (Mayo Clinic, 2021).  Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any persistent signs or symptoms that worry you. (Mayo Clinic, 2021).  Leukemia symptoms are often vague and not specific. (Mayo Clinic, 2021). You may overlook early leukemia symptoms because they may resemble symptoms of the flu and other common illnesses. (Mayo Clinic, 2021). Sometimes leukemia is discovered during blood tests for some other condition. (Mayo Clinic, 2021).  Although leukemia has many symptoms its still quite hard to identify it because scientists still don't understand the exact causes of leukemia. (Mayo Clinic, 2021). It seems to develop from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. (Mayo Clinic, 2021).  Leukemia is an extreme cancerous disease, and you should get checked out if you have any symptoms. (Mayo Clinic, 2021). Treatments consists of chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant and even a radiation therapy. (Mayo Clinic, 2021).  Leukemia although not as common as other cancerous diseases, it is still very dangerous and deadly. (Mayo Clinic, 2021). 

Any type of cancer is deadly and can be extremely detrimental on someone’s health even if they do get treatment but there are many ways to help prevent these cancerous disease’s and keep you safe and most of them even have treatments. Just be on the watch for any symptoms and go to the doctors regularly and get checked out by a medical professional.  

 

                                                                                                                                  

                             

 

 

                        

                                                                   Works cited 

 “What Is Cancer?” National Cancer Institute, 5 May 2021,  

   https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer.  

 

‘’What Is Breast Cancer?’’ American Cancer Society, 19 Nov. 2021,                                                                      Retrieved: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/about/what-is-breast-cancer.html. 

 

‘’What Is Lung Cancer?’’ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 18 Oct. 2021, Retrieved:   https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/what-is-lung-cancer.htm. 

 

Mayo Clinic Staff ‘’Leukemia.’’ Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and           Research, 13 Jan. 2021,  

  Retrieved: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/leukemia/syptoms-causes/syc-203744373 

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